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INTRODUCTION OF PROVINCE OF SULU 

2008-10-29


Sulu is an island province of the Philippines located in the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
The Province is subdivided into 19 municipalities,
Its capital is Jolo and occupies the middle group of
islands of the Sulu Archipelago, between Basilan and
Tawi-Tawi. It is home to the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.Sulu's area
is 1,600.4 kilometers square, and is 15th largest island of the
Philippine Archipelago, in terms of the area.
Although consisting of a mixed community of
Muslims and Christians,
the Tausugs dominate the Sulu Archipelago.
The Tausugs were among the first Filipinos to embrace
Islam as a religion and a way of life.
Their traditional religio-political structure is the sultanate
The sultan is the head of all ranks within the sultanate
Succession is by election by his staff although
patrilineal succession is the ideal.
The Tausugs are referred to as ‘people of the current’,
reflective of their close ties to the sea
The handicrafts of Sulu mirror Islamic and Indonesian
 influences
Skilled artisans make boats, bladed weapons, 
bronze and brassware
pis cloth, embroidered textiles,
shellcraft, traditional house carvings,
and carved wooden grave markers.
The province of Sulu is predominantly agricultural
with farming and fishing as its main livelihood activities
Its fertile soil and ideal climate can grow a variety
of crops such as abaca, coconuts, oranges,
and lanzones as well as exotic fruits seldom found
elsewhere in the country such as durian and mangosteen.



SULU: PEARL OF MINDANAO

"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. 
Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little 
corner of the earth all one's lifetime."    - Mark Twain 

Tausug woman in traditional garb, performing the Pangalay
TAUSUG'S CULTURE
Bangsamoro or Moroland is the homeland of the Moro, which is a Spanish term used for Muslims. The majority of Jolo’s people are Tausugs – the ethnic group that dominates the Sulu Archipelago. Tausug derives from the words tau meaning “man” and sug meaning “current”, which translates to “ people of the current”, because they were known to be seafarers with military and merchant skills. The Tausugs are known as the warrior tribe with excellent fighting skills.
Before the Tausugs adopted Islam, the Tausugs were organized into kauman and were governed by a patriarchal form of government with the individual datus as heads of their own communities. The source of law was the Adat which the Tausugs followed strictly.
The Tausug arts and handicrafts have a mix of Islamic and Indonesian influences. Pangalay is a popular celebratory dance at Tausug weddings, which can last weeks depending on the financial status and agreement of the families. They dance to the music of kulintangan, gabbang, and agong. Another traditional dance of courtship is the Pangalay ha Agong. In this dance, two Tausug warriors compete for the attention of a woman using an agong (large, deep, brass gong) to demonstrate their competence and skill.
A large portion of the population in Jolo is of Chinese descent. Between 1770 and 1800, 18,000 Chinese came from South China to trade and many of them stayed. In 1803, Portuguese Captain Juan Carvalho reported that there were 1,200 Chinese living in the town. The reorientation of the Sulu trade patterns caused an influx of Chinese immigrants from Singapore.



WEDDING OF TAUSUG (PAGTYAUN)


The Tausugs still practice age-old marriage customs. Marriages were arranged by the parents so that the young couple would be married even if they did not have much opportunity to get acquainted. A dowry is go to the bride's family by the groom's family. This dowry may be in the form of crops, work animals, land, money or pieces of jewelry. 


Loyalty is an important trait among the Tausugs. They practice the ritual of blood compact to signify the depth of their loyalty to one another. They are fierce and dangerous but the moment one befriends one of them, the bond will be enduring. 

Death and AfterlifeFour acts must be performed at death: bathing the corpse, enshrouding it, reciting the prayer for the dead, and burial. Burial is followed by a seven-day vigil. Depending on a family's economic circumstances, commemorative feasts may be held on the 7th, 20th, 40th, and 100th day, and on the first, second, and third anniversaries of death. Each person is believed to have four souls that leave the body at death. The body goes to hell, where the length of punishment it suffers is determined by the misdeeds and accumulated religious merit of the deceased. On the fifteenth day of the month of Shaaban, one of the souls (ro) of the dead is sent back to earth: here the deceased is honored with prayers and on the following day graves are cleared.

CeremoniesMajor events in the religious calendar include fasting during Ramadan; Hari Raya Puasa, a day of feasting immediately following Ramadan; Hari Raya Hadji, the feast of sacrifice on the tenth day of the month of Jul-Hadj; Maulideen Nabi, the birthday of the Prophet, on the twelfth day of Maulud; and Panulak Balah (lit., "to send away evil"), a day of ritual bathing on the last Wednesday of Sappal.


ABOUT THE ART AND MUSIC

 Most of the Tausog art Is evident in the implements they use. The ukkil design an artistic and colorful combination of shapes, is seen in almost anything of value to the Tausug's. Tausug implements such as fishing boats, weapons, household articles, utensils and musical instruments can be easily identified through this design.

ABOUT THEIR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Tausugs are good farmers. They cultivate corn, sweet potatoes, and vegetables for their daily subsistence. Coconuts, cassava and abaca are grown for commercial purposes. However, they have to import all their rice. Those who live by the lakeshore, rivers and seacoasts are good fishermen. They catch many varieties of fish, sharks, sea cucumbers and pearls.

ABOUT THEIR HOUSES

The ancient dwelling of the Tausugs are built mostly with indigenous materials. Joti is a plant they use for posts while sent leaves are utilized for walls. Digpi, the bark of a specific tree, is used to fasten walls and posts. The digpi 6-8 feet long which is pre-soaked in salt water for sometime then dried before it is used. Most of the Tausug homes have spacious unpartitioned rooms. There is a verandah or balcony in front of the house. The kitchen is built separately from the rest of the house to prevent smoke from entering the main room. Most of the Tausugs build their stairways facing the rising sun. They believe that fortune will come early in the morning if one's stairway faces the east.

ABOUT THEIR MANNER OF DRESSING

The Tausug men wears tight fitting pants and shirt, a sash around the waist and a matching turban. Their clothes are made of cotton which they weave locally. Oftentimes, men shave their heads or cut their hair short of signify their social status. The women wear matching sarong of the Malay type. They wear brass accessories to their blouses or use as necklace or bracelets.


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Religious Beliefs and Practices

The Tausug follow standard Islamic beliefs and practices. The Quran is considered by all Muslims as the words of Allah (God), revealed to the prophet Muhammad through archangel Gabriel, and as the source of all Islamic Law, principles and values. Aside from the Quran and the Sunnah and Haddith (literally, “a way, rule, or manner of acting”), other Islamic sources of law include Ijtihad (independent judgment) and Qiyas (analogy). The Five Pillars of Islam are dec-laration of beheb in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad and the four obligations of praying, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one’s lifetime.

Classical Muslim Jurists divided the world into Dar-al-Islam (Land of Islam) or those territories where the Law of Islam prevails; Dar-al-Harb (Land of War) which includes those countries where Muslim Law is not in force; Dar-al-Ahd (Land of the Covenant) consi-dered as a temporary and often intermediate territory between Dar-al-Islam and Dar-al-Harb; and Dar-al-Sulk (House of Truce), territories not conquered by -Muslim troops, where peace is attained by the payment of tribute which guarantees a truce or armistice.

A concept often misunderstood is parang sabil or holy war, which later developed into “ritual suicide.” The term derives from the Malay words perang meaning “war” and sabil, from the Arabic “fi sabil Allah meaning “in the path of God.” It refers to a jihad (holy war) against those who threaten the sanctity of Islam. It is resorted to when all forms of organized resistance fail. Those who die in the struggle are pronounced shahid (martyrs) and automatically gain a place sulga (heaven). Failing to understand this religious dimension, the Spaniards and the Americans have reduced the concept into a psychological disorder, have referred to the shahid as juramentados and amock, respectively.

Indigenous beliefs persist. Aside from Allah or Tuhan, the Tausug are also concerned with spirits inhabit nature, especially rocks and trees, and who are believed to be the cause of human suffering. Among these are the saytan (evil spirits) and jinn (unseen creatures). Some saytan have names, like the balbalan (manananggal), a flying creature which enjoys the liver of corpses. The Christian devil finds its counterpart in iblis, who tempts people into evil. The Tausug also believe in the four composites of the human soul: the transcendental soul, the life-soul associated with the blood, the breath or life essence, and the spirit-soul who travels during dreams and who causes the -shadow. The Tausug concept of religious merit also differs from that of the orthodox Muslims. Unjustified killing transfers the merits of the offender to the victim, and the demerits of the victim to the offender. The terms sulga (heaven) and narka (hell) do not denote places but states-of-being, and are interchangeable with the concepts of karayawan (state of goodness) and kasiksaan (state of suffering), respectively (Kiefer 1972a:112-114, 128-130).

Indigenous healing practices are assumed by the mangugubat (curer) who have direct access to the spirit world. They are not considered religious officials, as in the case of the agama (religious) priests, although their services are utilized when certain spirits need to be appeased. However, an illness that has been suc-cessfully diagnosed is not attributed to supernatural causes. Native medicine include raw squash mixed with coconut milk for meningitis, egg white applied topically on and for burns, lagundi leaves for malaria, and others. Traditional practices which were “medi-cal” in intent included the sacrifice of a hen near a balete tree. Incantations were said and a rooster was set free near the same tree. The object was to soothe the anger of the saytan believed to be the cause of the illness (Kiefer 1972a:114-115; Orosa 1970:106-107).




HISTORY
 Pre-Colonial period
 In the 14th century, Arab traders landed on the island to introduce and convert its inhabitants to Islam. The native inhabitants on the island are the Tausūg people. The Tausugs are part of the larger Moro group which dominates the Sulu Archipelago. The Moro had an independent state known as the Sultanate of Sulu, which was politically and economically centered on Jolo, the residence for Sulu Sultanates. The Seat of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu was in Astana Putih, which is Tausug for ‘White Palace’ in Umbul Duwa in the municipality of Indanan on Jolo Island, later on, the capital was moved in Maimbung during the 1800s.

Spanish Colonial

Period In 1521, the explorer Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain. The Spanish failed to conquer and convert the Muslim areas in the south. After consolidating the northern part of the Philippine islands, they failed to take over the well-organized Muslim Sultanates.

Trading center

Jolo was the regional entrepot and developing city years before the Philippines was even a country. The Sulu economy formed its base around commerce and through the network of nearby trading partners. The Sultanate benefited from importing rice from northern Philippines, as the Sulu region had a chronic rice shortage. The Sultanate was unable to bring agriculture to its full potential because the area was prone to erratic rainfall and drought.

Chinese immigration

Since the 15th century, the Sulu Sultanate traded local produce with neighbors and with countries as far as China by sea. Most of the import and export trade was done with Singapore which was estimated to be worth half a million dollars annually. In 1870, the Tausug lost much of their redistributive trade to the Chinese because of the Spanish cruising system and Chinese immigration from Singapore. Mostly originating from the Fujian province, most of the Chinese in Jolo worked as craftsmen, skilled and unskilled laborers and domestic servants for wealthy Tausugs and Chinese. Singapore served as a training ground from which they learned the Malay language and became experienced in dealing with Southeast Asians. It was these Chinese who eventually dominated trade in Jolo and benefited greatly from Jolo’s status as an entrepot, and exercised profound influence over the Sulu Sultanate. However, the Sultanate was not keen on the Chinese monopoly. By 1875, Sultan Amal ul Azam wanted an English merchant to establish himself in order to break the monopoly at Jolo.

Chinese who lived in Sulu ran guns across a Spanish blockade to supply the Moro Datus and Sultanates with weapons to fight the Spanish, who were engaging in a campaign to subjugate the Moro sultantes on Mindanao. A trade involving the Moros selling slaves and other goods in exchange for guns developed. The Chinese had entered the economy of the sultante, taking control of nearly the entire Sultanate's economy in Mindanao and dominating the markets. Though the Sultans did not like their economic monopoly, they did business with them. The Chinese set up a trading network between Singapore, Zamboanga, Jolo and Sulu. 

The Chinese sold small arms like Enfield and Spencer Rifles to the Buayan Datu Uto. They were used to battle the Spanish invasion of Buayan. The Datu paid for the weapons in slaves.[10] The population of Chinese in Mindanao in the 1880s was 1,000. The Chinese ran guns across a Spanish blockade to sell to Mindanao Moros. The purchases of these weapons were paid for by the Moros in slaves in addition to other goods. The main group of people selling guns were the Chinese in Sulu. The Chinese took control of the economy and used steamers to ship goods for exporting and importing. Opium, ivory, textiles, and crockery were among the other goods which the Chinese sold.

 The Chinese on Maimbung sent the weapons to the Sulu Sultanate, who used them to battle the Spanish and resist their attacks. A Chinese-Mestizo was one of the Sultan's brothers-in-law, the Sultan was married to his sister. He and the Sultan both owned shares in the ship (named the Far East) which helped smuggled the weapons. 

The Spanish launched a surprise offensive under Colonel Juan Arolas in April 1887 by attacking the Sultanate's capital at Maimbung in an effort to crush resistance. Weapons were captured and the property of the Chinese was destroyed and the Chinese were deported to Jolo.

Spanish control

In 1876, the Spanish attempted to gain control of the Muslims by burning Jolo and were successful. In March 1877, The Sulu Protocol was signed between Spain, England and Germany which recognized Spain’s rights over Sulu and eased European tensions in the area. The Spanish built the smallest walled city in the world in Jolo.

Trading decline

Trade suffered heavily in 1892 when three steamers used for trade were lost in a series of storms on the trade route between Singapore and Jolo. The traders in Singapore lost so heavily as a result that they refused to accept trade unless it was paid for in cash. Along with the fear of increased taxation, many Chinese left to other parts of the Archipelago as Jolo lost its role as the regional entrepot. The Tausug had already abandoned trading when the Chinese arrived. Thus, Jolo never fully gained its previous trading status. However, the Chinese continued to dominate trade throughout the Archipelago and Mindanao. 

American Colonial Period

In 1899 following the Treaty of Paris of 1898, sovereignty over the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States who attempted to forcibly incorporate the Muslim areas into the Philippine state. The American colonizers eventually took over the southern regions with force (see Moro Rebellion). The Sultanate of Sulu was abolished in 1936.



Prior to the arrival of Islam in Sulu, the province used to adhere to local animist religions, which was later changed into Hindu and Buddhist belief systems.
The advent of Islam around 1138 through merchants and traders had a distinct influence on Southeast Asia. The coming of Arabs, Persians and other Muslims paved the way for the arrival of religious missionaries, traders, scholars and travelers to Sulu and Mindanao in the 12th century.
Painting of Sulu home & coconut plantation


A landmark born of the social process was the founding of the Sultanate of Sulu. Year 1380 CE, Karim-ul Makhdum came to Sulu and introduced Islam to the Philippines. Year 1450 CE, a Johore-born Arab adventurer, Sayyid Abubakar Abirin came to Sulu and lived with Rajah Baguinda Ali, eventually marrying his daughter Dayang-dayang Paramisuli and eventually inheriting Rajah Baguinda's polity (which was a principality before) and turning it into a sultanate. Sayyid Abubakar eventually inherited the rule of Rajah Baguinda, established the Sultanate of Sulu and became its first Sultan. To consolidate his rule, Sayyid Abubakar united the local political units under the umbrella of the Sultanate. He brought Sulu, Zamboanga Peninsula, Palawan and Basilan under its aegis.
The navigational error that landed Ferdinand Magellan in Limasawa brought awareness of Europe to the Philippines and opened the door to Spanish colonial incursion. The Spaniards introduced Catholicism and a political system of church-state dichotomy, which encountered fierce resistance in the devastating Moro wars from 1578 to 1899. The Sultanate of Sulu formally recognised Spanish sovereignty in Tawi-Tawi and Sulu in middle of 19th century, but these areas remained partially ruled by the Spanish as their sovereignty was limited to military stations and garrisons and pockets of civilian settlements, until they had to abandon the region as a consequence of their defeat in the Spanish–American War.
American and Japanese eras Further information: Moro Province and Department of Mindanao and Sulu

The Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Gov. Carpenter was created by Philippine Commission Act 2309 (1914) and ended on February 5, 1920 by Act of Philippine Legislature No. 2878. The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes was organized and briefly headed by Teofisto Guingona, Sr. With the enactment by the US Congress of the Jones Law (Philippine Autonomy Law) in 1916, ultimate Philippine independence was guaranteed and the Filipinization of public administration began. Sulu, however, had an appointed American governor until 1935 and the Governor General in Manila had a say in Sulu affairs.
After Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, American forces came to Jolo and ended the 23 years of Spanish military occupation (1876 to 1899). On August 20, Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and Brig. Gen. John C. Bates signed the Bates Agreement that continued the gradual emasculation of the Sultanate started by Spain (Treaty of 1878) until March 1915 when the Sultan abdicated his temporal powers in the Carpenter Agreement. The Agreement eliminated opposition to the civilian government of Gov. Clinton Solidum. Sulu in 1918, which covered the current province of Tawi-Tawi At any rate, the essence of local governance forged by Rajah Baguinda continued to permeate the ethos of Sulu politics despite centuries of colonial presence. History points to a local government in Sulu that antedates other similar systems in the country. The province hosted the Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers) which was the royal palace of the Sultan of Sulu since historical times. The palace, located in Maimbung was made of wood, and was destroyed in 1932 by a huge storm.
At the beginning of Philippine independence era, the reconstruction of the Daru Jambangan continued to be of huge importance to the people of Sulu as only a few arches and posts remain from the once grand palace complex. Many members of the royal family advocated for the reconstruction of the palace, however, the government of the Philippines made no official position or fund for the matter. During that time. During the brief Japanese occupation years, Sulu was bombed by the Japanese and was conquered afterwards. The Japanese were eventually expelled by the Americans and the natives of Sulu, and the Americans started to push for the independence of the Philippines as 'one country'. This prompted various leaders from Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago to campaign against being lumped with the Catholic natives of Luzon and the Visayas. Despite the campaign against the 'one Philippines model', the United States granted independence to the Philippines, effectively giving control of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago to the Filipino government in Manila. Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers) in Maimbung before it was destroyed by a typhoon. The palace was the seat of the Sultanate of Sulu's reigning monarch for generations.
Philippine Independence era


TOURIST SPOTS IN SULU 

  Sulu Archipelago
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The archipelago is not, as is often supposed, the remains of a land bridge between Borneo and the Philippines. Rather, it is the exposed edge of small submarine ridges produced by tectonic tilting of the sea bottom. Basilan, Jolo, and other islands in the group are extinct volcanic cones rising from the southernmost ridge. Tawi-Tawi, the southernmost island of the group, has a serpentine basement-complex core with a limestone covering.This island chain is an important migration route for birds.
The largest municipalities in the area are on Maimbung and Jolo. The larger island of Palawan to its north, the coastal regions of the westward-extending Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, and the north-eastern part of the island of Borneo were formerly parts of the thalassocratic Sultanate of Sulu.
The archipelago is the home of the indigenous Tausug people; various group of Samal (or Sama) people including the semi-nomadic Badjaw; the land-based Sama; the related Yakan people; and the Jama Mapun people. The Tausug language is spoken widely in the Sulu Archipelago as both first and second languages throughout these islands. The Yakan language is spoken mainly in Basilan Island. Numerous dialects of Sinama are spoken throughout the archipelago, from the Tawi-TawiIsland group, to the Mapun island group (Mapun), to the coast of Mindanao and beyond.

BUD DAJO

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Bud Dajo is the highest point in the province of Sulu, Philippines. it is one of the cinder cones that make up the island of Jolo and part of the Jolo Volcanic Group in the Republic of the Philippines. The extinct volcanois located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast from the town of Jolo in Sulu province. The mountain and adjacent lands were declared as Mount Dajo National Park in 1938.

MOUNT ALU

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Mount Alu is a volcano located on the eastern tip of island town of Lugus, in the province of Sulu in the southernmost Philippines.

LAKE SEIT

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The month of February has always been tagged as the Month of Love especially on the 14th as the Valentine's Day where lovers and even those who are singles find most the value of Romantic Love.

Luckily, the Philippines is rich with destinations to fulfill the calling of LOVE both for lovers and romantic enthusiasts. Nevertheless, the Philippines has been included for the  countries to watch out for this year 2013 according to some well-famed Travel Sites such as Conde Nest Traveller and New York Times.

A great example to watch out for is the less populated province of Sulu in the Southern Part of the Philippines. This island seems like Aphrodite, the Greek Goddess of Love and Beauty find her romance.

The lake is somewhat like making a hit for Travel Destinations to watch out for in both Google + and Facebook as they share the photos and information to their walls.
The Heart-shaped Lake most commonly known as the SIIT LAKE is a naturally inspired lake with a shape of a heart symbol. This lake is located in a densely population of about a thousand people per km2 in Region 9, the province of Sulu with an average elevation of 33 meters above sea level.

MARUNGAS ISLAND

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Marungas Island is located in the Municipality of Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu. Pearl Farm at Marungas Island. It can be reached in a 30-minute pumpboat ride from the mainland of Jolo. The Sulu Sea is dotted with coral reefs and can provide probably some of the world´s best dive spots for those seeking the ultimate in underwater beauty and adventure.

MAIMBUNG BAY

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Maimbung Bay is a bay and is located in Province of Sulu, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines. The estimate terrain elevation above seal level is -9999 metres. Variant forms of spelling for Maimbung Bay or in other languages: Maibun Bay, Maimbung Bay, Maibun Bay, Maimbung Bay.

Gujangan Island

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Gujangan Island is a island and is located in Province of Sulu, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines. The estimate terrain elevation above seal level is 27 metres. Variant forms of spelling for Gujangan Island or in other languages: Guiangan Island, Gujangan Island, Guiangan Island, Gujangan Island.

Laminusa Island

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Laminusa Island is a island and is located in Province of Sulu, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines. The elevation above sea level is 1 metres. Variant forms of spelling for Laminusa Island or in other languages: Laminusa Island (en), Laminusa Island.



THE SULU DELICACIES



Tiyula Sug

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is a beef-based soup that is dark green in color. The burnt coconut and turmeric give this dish its color, which may seem visually odd to some. I can assure you that it is gastronomically satisfying, especially on a rainy day.


Piyanggang


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is a light green chicken dish made of the same pulp used in the Tiyula Sug but with added coconut milk to make it creamier.


Lokot-lokot


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Magdagdag ng caption


is made of rice flour, which is repeatedly pounded until it becomes fine powder. Water and other ingredients are then added and blended to create a thick mixture. The mixture is poured in a strainer with holes called ulayan and formed into rolls using two wooden spoons called the gagawi.



Ta’mu

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this is the rice where it is cooked inside layers of young coconut leaves shaped into squares or diamonds.The cute lil tiny grilled or barbecued diced beef on a stickSome would serve it with chicken instead of beef. And the last but definitely the highlight of this menu is the thick, sweet ‘n’ spicy sauce.


Putli Mandi

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is made of malagkit flour with sweet coconut strips like bukayo inside and rolled in fresh coconut.


Pastil

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is made like empanada, but the filling is bihon, and some uses monggo sprout for the filling. And it is eaten with spicy sauce.

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