INTRODUCTION OF PROVINCE OF SULU
2008-10-29
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Sulu is an island province of the Philippines located in the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
The Province is subdivided into 19 municipalities,
Its capital is Jolo and occupies the middle group of
islands of the Sulu Archipelago, between Basilan and
Tawi-Tawi. It is home to the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.Sulu's area
is 1,600.4 kilometers square, and is 15th largest island of the
Philippine Archipelago, in terms of the area.
Although consisting of a mixed community of
Muslims and Christians,
the Tausugs dominate the Sulu Archipelago.
The Tausugs were among the first Filipinos
to embrace
Islam as a religion and a way of life.
Their traditional religio-political
structure is the sultanate
The sultan is the head of all ranks within
the sultanate
Succession is by election by his staff
although
patrilineal succession is the ideal.
The Tausugs are referred to as ‘people of
the current’,
reflective of their close ties to the sea
The handicrafts of Sulu mirror Islamic and
Indonesian
influences
Skilled artisans make boats, bladed
weapons,
bronze and brassware
pis cloth, embroidered textiles,
shellcraft, traditional house carvings,
and carved wooden grave markers.
The province of Sulu is predominantly
agricultural
with farming and fishing as its main
livelihood activities
Its fertile soil and ideal climate can grow
a variety
of crops such as abaca, coconuts, oranges,
and lanzones as well as exotic fruits
seldom found
elsewhere in the country such as durian and
mangosteen.

SULU: PEARL OF MINDANAO
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts.
Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little
corner of the earth all one's lifetime." - Mark Twain
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Tausug woman in traditional garb, performing the Pangalay
TAUSUG'S CULTURE
Bangsamoro or Moroland is the homeland of the Moro, which is a Spanish term used for Muslims. The majority of Jolo’s people are Tausugs – the ethnic group that dominates the Sulu Archipelago. Tausug derives from the words tau meaning “man” and sug meaning “current”, which translates to “ people of the current”, because they were known to be seafarers with military and merchant skills. The Tausugs are known as the warrior tribe with excellent fighting skills.
Before the Tausugs adopted Islam, the Tausugs were organized into kauman and were governed by a patriarchal form of government with the individual datus as heads of their own communities. The source of law was the Adat which the Tausugs followed strictly.
The Tausug arts and handicrafts have a mix of Islamic and Indonesian influences. Pangalay is a popular celebratory dance at Tausug weddings, which can last weeks depending on the financial status and agreement of the families. They dance to the music of kulintangan, gabbang, and agong. Another traditional dance of courtship is the Pangalay ha Agong. In this dance, two Tausug warriors compete for the attention of a woman using an agong (large, deep, brass gong) to demonstrate their competence and skill.
A large portion of the population in Jolo is of Chinese descent. Between 1770 and 1800, 18,000 Chinese came from South China to trade and many of them stayed. In 1803, Portuguese Captain Juan Carvalho reported that there were 1,200 Chinese living in the town. The reorientation of the Sulu trade patterns caused an influx of Chinese immigrants from Singapore.
WEDDING OF TAUSUG (PAGTYAUN)

The Tausugs still practice age-old marriage customs. Marriages were arranged by the parents so that the young couple would be married even if they did not have much opportunity to get acquainted. A dowry is go to the bride's family by the groom's family. This dowry may be in the form of crops, work animals, land, money or pieces of jewelry.
Loyalty is an important trait among the Tausugs. They practice the ritual of blood compact to signify the depth of their loyalty to one another. They are fierce and dangerous but the moment one befriends one of them, the bond will be enduring.
Death and Afterlife- Four acts must be performed at death: bathing the corpse, enshrouding it, reciting the prayer for the dead, and burial. Burial is followed by a seven-day vigil. Depending on a family's economic circumstances, commemorative feasts may be held on the 7th, 20th, 40th, and 100th day, and on the first, second, and third anniversaries of death. Each person is believed to have four souls that leave the body at death. The body goes to hell, where the length of punishment it suffers is determined by the misdeeds and accumulated religious merit of the deceased. On the fifteenth day of the month of Shaaban, one of the souls (ro) of the dead is sent back to earth: here the deceased is honored with prayers and on the following day graves are cleared.
Ceremonies- Major events in the religious calendar include fasting during Ramadan; Hari Raya Puasa, a day of feasting immediately following Ramadan; Hari Raya Hadji, the feast of sacrifice on the tenth day of the month of Jul-Hadj; Maulideen Nabi, the birthday of the Prophet, on the twelfth day of Maulud; and Panulak Balah (lit., "to send away evil"), a day of ritual bathing on the last Wednesday of Sappal.
ABOUT THE ART AND MUSIC
Most of the Tausog
art Is evident in the implements they use. The ukkil design an artistic and
colorful combination of shapes, is seen in almost anything of value to the
Tausug's. Tausug implements such as fishing boats, weapons, household articles,
utensils and musical instruments can be easily identified through this design.
ABOUT THEIR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Tausugs are good farmers. They cultivate corn, sweet
potatoes, and vegetables for their daily subsistence. Coconuts, cassava and
abaca are grown for commercial purposes. However, they have to import all their
rice. Those who live by the lakeshore, rivers and seacoasts are good fishermen.
They catch many varieties of fish, sharks, sea cucumbers and pearls.
ABOUT THEIR HOUSES
The ancient dwelling of the Tausugs are built mostly with
indigenous materials. Joti is a plant they use for posts while sent leaves are
utilized for walls. Digpi, the bark of a specific tree, is used to fasten walls
and posts. The digpi 6-8 feet long which is pre-soaked in salt water for
sometime then dried before it is used. Most of the Tausug homes have spacious
unpartitioned rooms. There is a verandah or balcony in front of the house. The
kitchen is built separately from the rest of the house to prevent smoke from
entering the main room. Most of the Tausugs build their stairways facing the
rising sun. They believe that fortune will come early in the morning if one's
stairway faces the east.
ABOUT THEIR MANNER OF DRESSING
The Tausug men wears tight fitting pants and shirt, a sash
around the waist and a matching turban. Their clothes are made of cotton which
they weave locally. Oftentimes, men shave their heads or cut their hair short
of signify their social status. The women wear matching sarong of the Malay
type. They wear brass accessories to their blouses or use as necklace or
bracelets.
Religious Beliefs and Practices
The Tausug follow standard Islamic beliefs and practices.
The Quran is considered by all Muslims as the words of Allah (God), revealed to
the prophet Muhammad through archangel Gabriel, and as the source of all
Islamic Law, principles and values. Aside from the Quran and the Sunnah and
Haddith (literally, “a way, rule, or manner of acting”), other Islamic sources
of law include Ijtihad (independent judgment) and Qiyas (analogy). The Five
Pillars of Islam are dec-laration of beheb in the oneness of God and the
prophethood of Muhammad and the four obligations of praying, almsgiving,
fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one’s lifetime.
Classical Muslim Jurists
divided the world into Dar-al-Islam (Land of Islam) or those territories where
the Law of Islam prevails; Dar-al-Harb (Land of War) which includes those
countries where Muslim Law is not in force; Dar-al-Ahd (Land of the Covenant)
consi-dered as a temporary and often intermediate territory between
Dar-al-Islam and Dar-al-Harb; and Dar-al-Sulk (House of Truce), territories not
conquered by -Muslim troops, where peace is attained by the payment of tribute
which guarantees a truce or armistice.
A concept often
misunderstood is parang sabil or holy war, which later developed into “ritual
suicide.” The term derives from the Malay words perang meaning “war” and sabil,
from the Arabic “fi sabil Allah meaning “in the path of God.” It refers to a
jihad (holy war) against those who threaten the sanctity of Islam. It is
resorted to when all forms of organized resistance fail. Those who die in the
struggle are pronounced shahid (martyrs) and automatically gain a place sulga
(heaven). Failing to understand this religious dimension, the Spaniards and the
Americans have reduced the concept into a psychological disorder, have referred
to the shahid as juramentados and amock, respectively.
Indigenous beliefs
persist. Aside from Allah or Tuhan, the Tausug are also concerned with spirits
inhabit nature, especially rocks and trees, and who are believed to be the
cause of human suffering. Among these are the saytan (evil spirits) and jinn
(unseen creatures). Some saytan have names, like the balbalan (manananggal), a
flying creature which enjoys the liver of corpses. The Christian devil finds
its counterpart in iblis, who tempts people into evil. The Tausug also believe
in the four composites of the human soul: the transcendental soul, the
life-soul associated with the blood, the breath or life essence, and the
spirit-soul who travels during dreams and who causes the -shadow. The Tausug
concept of religious merit also differs from that of the orthodox Muslims.
Unjustified killing transfers the merits of the offender to the victim, and the
demerits of the victim to the offender. The terms sulga (heaven) and narka
(hell) do not denote places but states-of-being, and are interchangeable with
the concepts of karayawan (state of goodness) and kasiksaan (state of
suffering), respectively (Kiefer 1972a:112-114, 128-130).
Indigenous healing
practices are assumed by the mangugubat (curer) who have direct access to the
spirit world. They are not considered religious officials, as in the case of
the agama (religious) priests, although their services are utilized when
certain spirits need to be appeased. However, an illness that has been
suc-cessfully diagnosed is not attributed to supernatural causes. Native
medicine include raw squash mixed with coconut milk for meningitis, egg white applied
topically on and for burns, lagundi leaves for malaria, and others. Traditional
practices which were “medi-cal” in intent included the sacrifice of a hen near
a balete tree. Incantations were said and a rooster was set free near the same
tree. The object was to soothe the anger of the saytan believed to be the cause
of the illness (Kiefer 1972a:114-115; Orosa 1970:106-107).
HISTORY
Pre-Colonial period
In the 14th century, Arab traders landed on
the island to introduce and convert its inhabitants to Islam. The native
inhabitants on the island are the Tausūg people. The Tausugs are part of the
larger Moro group which dominates the Sulu Archipelago. The Moro had an
independent state known as the Sultanate of Sulu, which was politically and
economically centered on Jolo, the residence for Sulu Sultanates. The Seat of
the Royal Sultanate of Sulu was in Astana Putih, which is Tausug for ‘White
Palace’ in Umbul Duwa in the municipality of Indanan on Jolo Island, later on,
the capital was moved in Maimbung during the 1800s.
Spanish Colonial
Period In 1521, the
explorer Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain. The Spanish
failed to conquer and convert the Muslim areas in the south. After
consolidating the northern part of the Philippine islands, they failed to take
over the well-organized Muslim Sultanates.
Trading center
Jolo was the regional
entrepot and developing city years before the Philippines was even a country.
The Sulu economy formed its base around commerce and through the network of
nearby trading partners. The Sultanate benefited from importing rice from
northern Philippines, as the Sulu region had a chronic rice shortage. The
Sultanate was unable to bring agriculture to its full potential because the
area was prone to erratic rainfall and drought.
Chinese immigration
Since the 15th
century, the Sulu Sultanate traded local produce with neighbors and with
countries as far as China by sea. Most of the import and export trade was done
with Singapore which was estimated to be worth half a million dollars annually.
In 1870, the Tausug lost much of their redistributive trade to the Chinese
because of the Spanish cruising system and Chinese immigration from Singapore.
Mostly originating from the Fujian province, most of the Chinese in Jolo worked
as craftsmen, skilled and unskilled laborers and domestic servants for wealthy
Tausugs and Chinese. Singapore served as a training ground from which they
learned the Malay language and became experienced in dealing with Southeast
Asians. It was these Chinese who eventually dominated trade in Jolo and
benefited greatly from Jolo’s status as an entrepot, and exercised profound
influence over the Sulu Sultanate. However, the Sultanate was not keen on the
Chinese monopoly. By 1875, Sultan Amal ul Azam wanted an English merchant to
establish himself in order to break the monopoly at Jolo.
Chinese who lived in Sulu ran guns across a Spanish blockade
to supply the Moro Datus and Sultanates with weapons to fight the Spanish, who
were engaging in a campaign to subjugate the Moro sultantes on Mindanao. A
trade involving the Moros selling slaves and other goods in exchange for guns
developed. The Chinese had entered the economy of the sultante, taking control
of nearly the entire Sultanate's economy in Mindanao and dominating the
markets. Though the Sultans did not like their economic monopoly, they did
business with them. The Chinese set up a trading network between Singapore,
Zamboanga, Jolo and Sulu.
The Chinese sold small arms like Enfield and Spencer Rifles
to the Buayan Datu Uto. They were used to battle the Spanish invasion of
Buayan. The Datu paid for the weapons in slaves.[10] The population of Chinese
in Mindanao in the 1880s was 1,000. The Chinese ran guns across a Spanish
blockade to sell to Mindanao Moros. The purchases of these weapons were paid
for by the Moros in slaves in addition to other goods. The main group of people
selling guns were the Chinese in Sulu. The Chinese took control of the economy
and used steamers to ship goods for exporting and importing. Opium, ivory,
textiles, and crockery were among the other goods which the Chinese sold.
The Chinese on
Maimbung sent the weapons to the Sulu Sultanate, who used them to battle the
Spanish and resist their attacks. A Chinese-Mestizo was one of the Sultan's
brothers-in-law, the Sultan was married to his sister. He and the Sultan both
owned shares in the ship (named the Far East) which helped smuggled the
weapons.
The Spanish launched a surprise offensive under Colonel Juan
Arolas in April 1887 by attacking the Sultanate's capital at Maimbung in an
effort to crush resistance. Weapons were captured and the property of the
Chinese was destroyed and the Chinese were deported to Jolo.
Spanish control
In 1876, the Spanish attempted to gain control of the
Muslims by burning Jolo and were successful. In March 1877, The Sulu Protocol
was signed between Spain, England and Germany which recognized Spain’s rights
over Sulu and eased European tensions in the area. The Spanish built the
smallest walled city in the world in Jolo.
Trading decline
Trade suffered heavily in 1892 when three steamers used for
trade were lost in a series of storms on the trade route between Singapore and
Jolo. The traders in Singapore lost so heavily as a result that they refused to
accept trade unless it was paid for in cash. Along with the fear of increased
taxation, many Chinese left to other parts of the Archipelago as Jolo lost its
role as the regional entrepot. The Tausug had already abandoned trading when
the Chinese arrived. Thus, Jolo never fully gained its previous trading status.
However, the Chinese continued to dominate trade throughout the Archipelago and
Mindanao.
American Colonial Period
In 1899 following the Treaty of Paris of 1898, sovereignty
over the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States who
attempted to forcibly incorporate the Muslim areas into the Philippine state.
The American colonizers eventually took over the southern regions with force
(see Moro Rebellion). The Sultanate of Sulu was abolished in 1936.
Prior to the arrival of Islam in Sulu, the province used to adhere
to local animist religions, which was later changed into Hindu and Buddhist
belief systems.
The advent of Islam around 1138 through merchants and traders had a distinct influence on Southeast Asia. The coming of Arabs, Persians and other Muslims paved the way for the arrival of religious missionaries, traders, scholars and travelers to Sulu and Mindanao in the 12th century.
Painting of Sulu home & coconut plantation
A landmark born of the social process was the founding of the Sultanate of Sulu. Year 1380 CE, Karim-ul Makhdum came to Sulu and introduced Islam to the Philippines. Year 1450 CE, a Johore-born Arab adventurer, Sayyid Abubakar Abirin came to Sulu and lived with Rajah Baguinda Ali, eventually marrying his daughter Dayang-dayang Paramisuli and eventually inheriting Rajah Baguinda's polity (which was a principality before) and turning it into a sultanate. Sayyid Abubakar eventually inherited the rule of Rajah Baguinda, established the Sultanate of Sulu and became its first Sultan. To consolidate his rule, Sayyid Abubakar united the local political units under the umbrella of the Sultanate. He brought Sulu, Zamboanga Peninsula, Palawan and Basilan under its aegis.
The navigational error that landed Ferdinand Magellan in
Limasawa brought awareness of Europe to the Philippines and opened the door to
Spanish colonial incursion. The Spaniards introduced Catholicism and a
political system of church-state dichotomy, which encountered fierce resistance
in the devastating Moro wars from 1578 to 1899. The Sultanate of Sulu formally
recognised Spanish sovereignty in Tawi-Tawi and Sulu in middle of 19th century,
but these areas remained partially ruled by the Spanish as their sovereignty
was limited to military stations and garrisons and pockets of civilian
settlements, until they had to abandon the region as a consequence of their defeat
in the Spanish–American War.
American and Japanese eras Further information: Moro Province and Department of Mindanao and Sulu
The Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Gov. Carpenter was
created by Philippine Commission Act 2309 (1914) and ended on February 5, 1920
by Act of Philippine Legislature No. 2878. The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes
was organized and briefly headed by Teofisto Guingona, Sr. With the enactment
by the US Congress of the Jones Law (Philippine Autonomy Law) in 1916, ultimate
Philippine independence was guaranteed and the Filipinization of public
administration began. Sulu, however, had an appointed American governor until
1935 and the Governor General in Manila had a say in Sulu affairs.
After Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States,
American forces came to Jolo and ended the 23 years of Spanish military
occupation (1876 to 1899). On August 20, Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and Brig. Gen.
John C. Bates signed the Bates Agreement that continued the gradual
emasculation of the Sultanate started by Spain (Treaty of 1878) until March
1915 when the Sultan abdicated his temporal powers in the Carpenter Agreement.
The Agreement eliminated opposition to the civilian government of Gov. Clinton
Solidum. Sulu in 1918, which covered the current province of Tawi-Tawi At any
rate, the essence of local governance forged by Rajah Baguinda continued to
permeate the ethos of Sulu politics despite centuries of colonial presence.
History points to a local government in Sulu that antedates other similar
systems in the country. The province hosted the Daru Jambangan (Palace of
Flowers) which was the royal palace of the Sultan of Sulu since historical
times. The palace, located in Maimbung was made of wood, and was destroyed in
1932 by a huge storm.
At the beginning of Philippine independence era, the
reconstruction of the Daru Jambangan continued to be of huge importance to the
people of Sulu as only a few arches and posts remain from the once grand palace
complex. Many members of the royal family advocated for the reconstruction of
the palace, however, the government of the Philippines made no official
position or fund for the matter. During that time. During the brief Japanese
occupation years, Sulu was bombed by the Japanese and was conquered afterwards.
The Japanese were eventually expelled by the Americans and the natives of Sulu,
and the Americans started to push for the independence of the Philippines as
'one country'. This prompted various leaders from Mindanao and the Sulu
archipelago to campaign against being lumped with the Catholic natives of Luzon
and the Visayas. Despite the campaign against the 'one Philippines model', the
United States granted independence to the Philippines, effectively giving
control of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago to the Filipino government in
Manila. Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers) in Maimbung before it was destroyed
by a typhoon. The palace was the seat of the Sultanate of Sulu's reigning
monarch for generations.
Philippine Independence era
TOURIST SPOTS IN SULU
Sulu Archipelago
The archipelago is not, as is often supposed, the remains of
a land bridge between Borneo and the Philippines. Rather, it is the exposed
edge of small submarine ridges produced by tectonic tilting of the sea bottom.
Basilan, Jolo, and other islands in the group are extinct volcanic cones rising
from the southernmost ridge. Tawi-Tawi, the southernmost island of the group,
has a serpentine basement-complex core with a limestone covering.This island
chain is an important migration route for birds.
The largest municipalities in the area are on Maimbung and
Jolo. The larger island of Palawan to its north, the coastal regions of the
westward-extending Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, and the north-eastern part
of the island of Borneo were formerly parts of the thalassocratic Sultanate of
Sulu.
The archipelago is the home of the indigenous Tausug people;
various group of Samal (or Sama) people including the semi-nomadic Badjaw; the
land-based Sama; the related Yakan people; and the Jama Mapun people. The Tausug
language is spoken widely in the Sulu Archipelago as both first and second
languages throughout these islands. The Yakan language is spoken mainly in
Basilan Island. Numerous dialects of Sinama are spoken throughout the
archipelago, from the Tawi-TawiIsland group, to the Mapun island group (Mapun),
to the coast of Mindanao and beyond.
BUD DAJO
Bud Dajo is the highest point in the province of Sulu,
Philippines. it is one of the cinder cones that make up the island of Jolo and
part of the Jolo Volcanic Group in the Republic of the Philippines. The extinct
volcanois located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast from the town of Jolo in Sulu
province. The mountain and adjacent lands were declared as Mount Dajo National
Park in 1938.
MOUNT ALU
Mount Alu is a volcano located on the eastern tip of island
town of Lugus, in the province of Sulu in the southernmost Philippines.
LAKE SEIT
The month of February has always been tagged as the Month of Love especially on the 14th as the Valentine's Day where lovers and even those who are singles find most the value of Romantic Love.
Luckily, the Philippines is rich with destinations to fulfill the calling of LOVE both for lovers and romantic enthusiasts. Nevertheless, the Philippines has been included for the countries to watch out for this year 2013 according to some well-famed Travel Sites such as Conde Nest Traveller and New York Times.
A great example to watch out for is the less populated province of Sulu in the Southern Part of the Philippines. This island seems like Aphrodite, the Greek Goddess of Love and Beauty find her romance.
The lake is somewhat like making a hit for Travel Destinations to watch out for in both Google + and Facebook as they share the photos and information to their walls.
The Heart-shaped Lake most commonly known as the SIIT LAKE is a naturally inspired lake with a shape of a heart symbol. This lake is located in a densely population of about a thousand people per km2 in Region 9, the province of Sulu with an average elevation of 33 meters above sea level.
MARUNGAS ISLAND
Marungas Island is located in the Municipality of Hadji
Panglima Tahil, Sulu. Pearl Farm at Marungas Island. It can be reached in a
30-minute pumpboat ride from the mainland of Jolo. The Sulu Sea is dotted with
coral reefs and can provide probably some of the world´s best dive spots for
those seeking the ultimate in underwater beauty and adventure.
MAIMBUNG BAY
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